Many core mill (GPU)

A massively parallel Mill is possible, but not a GPU (which are very different architectures). Think Sun’s Niagara or Tilera. Currently most of that market seems to be 32-bit, and Mills would be overkill, but it may evolve up into our range.

GPUs are wavefront machines, lacking real branches and recursion. The Mill would do a good job of software graphics for business-type machines, but for game-type horsepower you want a GPU handling the triangles.

Or so we have expected. Won’t know until we see what people use them for 🙂

Well, Intel tried Larrabee. I would expect the Mill architecture to be much more suited for something like that than x86.

AMD tries hUMA too. In my ignorant lay person opinion, once the memory loads and access patterns can be served by one shared memory it shouldn’t be too much harder to plug two different sets of Mill cores into it. One set for application code, one set for float and graphics code.

It will be interesting to see how Intel’s new Knight’s Landing (72 in-order x86 cores giving 3 TFlops double-precision(!)) is received. I’ve chatted to someone who played with Knights Corner but as I recall they struggled to apply it to their problems. Sadly I’ve forgotten any deep insights they may have mentioned.

I guess the big challenge when you have a lot of independent cores flying in close formation is meshing them together? And the granularity of the tasks has to be really quite large I imagine; if you play with, say, Intel’s Thread Building Blocks or openMQ (where parallelism is in-lined, rather than explicitly crafting a large number of tasks), you’ll be staggered at how many iterations of a loop you need to propose to do before its worth spreading them across multiple cores.

Of course the Go goroutines and Erlang lightweight processes for CSP can perhaps use some more cores in a mainstream way, for server workloads.

The other approach to massively parallel on-chip is GPGPU, which is notoriously non-GP-friendly and hard to apply to many otherwise-parallel problems. I persevered with hybrid CPU (4 core i7) and CUDA (meaty card, fermi IIRC, I was borrowing it on a remote machine, forget spec) when I was doing recmath contest entries, and typically the CUDA would give me nearly 2x the total performance of the 4xi7, which is not to be sneezed at but hardly unleashing all those flops! And conditions really killed it.

AMD is pushing hard towards the APU and Intel also unified the address space for their integrated GPUs IIRC, so things do come to pass pretty much as John Carmack predicts each QuakeCon. His views on raytracing triangles for games are terribly exciting, and suggest to me a move towards more GP and MIMD GPUs in future too.

So it’ll be exciting to see how people innovate with the Mill.

I don’t think the Mill would be significantly *better* than a GPU at what a GPU is good for, but with a goodly number of FP functional units, I think the Mill could be more or less *equal* to a GPU at what a GPU does. At least a mid-range GPU.

Where this becomes interesting is in situations where you don’t want to spend the power and cost budget for specialized GPUs- think tablets, smart phones, and net books. Here, havng a CPU that can do “triple duty”- have the power/cost of an embedded CPU, desktop CPU performance on general purpose workloads, *and* a decent GPU as needed, and you’ve got something *very* interesting. NVidia might not be afraid of the Mill, but ARM should be freaking paranoid.

A manycore mill could run the raytracing code I have been working on; a GPU cannot. If it could it would be a CPU and not a GPU, since the algorithm traces pointers in main memory along each ray. This movie was traced on [CPU~Quad core Intel Core i7-2700K CPU (-HT-MCP-) clocked at Min:1832.578Mhz Max:2702.656Mhz]:

The postprocessing sped the video by 2.5 times, but the frame times of every tenth frame (in ms) are visible in the corner. This is within an order of magnitude of acceptable fullscreen realtime performance; at that point (cpu) tracing wins over (gpu) rasterization. The tracer parallelizes almost perfectly across cores, so one wants as many of them as possible; since each ray follows pointers, cache misses are (probably) more important than other exection time, so more slower cores would be better than fewer faster cores. The code is open source and on github.

This is the first footage ever from the original tracer and dates to 2004 or 2005:

• This reply was modified 10 years, 11 months ago by  harrison partch.